Following the escalation of the Darfur conflict in the Sudan, Chad brokered negotiations in N'Djamena in 2004, leading to the April 8 Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement between the Sudanese government and the two rebel groups, the Sudanese Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) and the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A). Other signatories on April 8 were Chad and the African Union. The ceasefire was to come into effect on April 11, 2004. The African Union formed a Ceasefire Commission (CFC) to monitor observance of the April ceasefire.