Brian J. Frederick is a cultural criminologist and lecturer in criminology at the University of Gloucestershire. He completed his doctorate in the Erasmus Mundus Doctorate in Global and Cultural Criminology programme at the School of Social Policy, Sociology & Social Research (SSPSSR) at the University of Kent (Canterbury, England) and at the Institut für Kriminologische Sozialforschung (IKS) at the Universität Hamburg (Hamburg, Germany). His research focuses on the ways in which the on-going commercialisation, commodification and gentrification of gay/queer physical space (i.e., ‘gay ghettos’) and gay/queer virtual space has led to the emergence of counter-homonormative virtual spaces (e.g., online bulletin boards, online social-sexual networks, web-based social networking applications) w