Catharine Macfarlane (1877–1969) was an American obstetrician and gynecologist who founded one of the first screening centers for uterine cancer in the United States. She was the first woman fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, and first woman president of the Obstetrical Society of Philadelphia. She received a 1951 Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research for her applications of preventive medicine to cancer control.