Columbia Global Centers are research outposts established by Columbia University in eight locations around the world, as part of its initiative to further establish an international research university. The first of these centers opened in March 2009 in Beijing, China and Amman, Jordan, and Columbia opened facilities in Paris, France, Mumbai, India in March 2010 and Istanbul, Turkey in November 2011. Additional locations in Nairobi, Rio de Janeiro and Santiago de Chile were opened in 2012 and 2013.