Four tones (Middle Chinese)
The four tones of Chinese poetry and dialectology (simplified Chinese: 四声; traditional Chinese: 四聲; pinyin: sìshēng) are four traditional tone classes of Chinese words. They play an important role in Chinese poetry and in comparative studies of tonal development in the modern varieties of Chinese, both in traditional Chinese and in Western linguistics. They correspond to the phonology of Middle Chinese, and are named even or level (平 píng), rising (上 shǎng), departing (or going; 去 qù), and entering or checked (入 rù). (The last three are collectively referred to as oblique 仄 (zè), an important concept in poetic tone patterns.) Due to historic splits and mergers, none of the modern varieties of Chinese have the exact four tones of Middle Chinese, but they are noted in rhyming dictionaries.
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Four tones (Middle Chinese)
The four tones of Chinese poetry and dialectology (simplified Chinese: 四声; traditional Chinese: 四聲; pinyin: sìshēng) are four traditional tone classes of Chinese words. They play an important role in Chinese poetry and in comparative studies of tonal development in the modern varieties of Chinese, both in traditional Chinese and in Western linguistics. They correspond to the phonology of Middle Chinese, and are named even or level (平 píng), rising (上 shǎng), departing (or going; 去 qù), and entering or checked (入 rù). (The last three are collectively referred to as oblique 仄 (zè), an important concept in poetic tone patterns.) Due to historic splits and mergers, none of the modern varieties of Chinese have the exact four tones of Middle Chinese, but they are noted in rhyming dictionaries.
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Die Töne des Hochchinesischen ...... manchmal als fünfter gezählt.
@de
The four tones of Chinese poet ...... se yīn and yáng, respectively.
@en
四声是汉语音韵学的概念，一开始用来指称中古汉语的四个声调。现代汉语的各种方言仍然沿用四声的名称或其变体来指称各自的声调。
@zh
四声（しせい）とは、中国語の声調を、中古漢語の調類に基づいて ...... 声）・陽平（第二声）・上声（第三声）・去声（第四声）をいう。
@ja
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Die Töne des Hochchinesischen ...... manchmal als fünfter gezählt.
@de
The four tones of Chinese poet ...... noted in rhyming dictionaries.
@en
四声是汉语音韵学的概念，一开始用来指称中古汉语的四个声调。现代汉语的各种方言仍然沿用四声的名称或其变体来指称各自的声调。
@zh
四声（しせい）とは、中国語の声調を、中古漢語の調類に基づいて ...... 声）・陽平（第二声）・上声（第三声）・去声（第四声）をいう。
@ja
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Four tones (Middle Chinese)
@en
Töne des Hochchinesischen
@de
四声
@ja
四聲
@zh
