The French Wars of Religion, or Huguenot Wars, are names for a period of civil infighting, military operations and religious war primarily fought between Roman Catholics and Huguenots (Reformed, i.e. Calvinist Protestants) in the Kingdom of France. It involved several minor territories around it, like the Kingdom of Navarre, and occasionally spilled beyond the French region (i.e. War with Spain, 1595-1598). Approximately 3,000,000 people perished as a result of violence, famine and disease in the deadliest European religious war behind the Thirty Years' War, which took 8,000,000 lives in present-day Germany. Unlike all other religious wars at the time, the French wars retained its religious character.