Gauge theory
In physics, a gauge theory is a type of field theory in which the Lagrangian is invariant under a continuous group of local transformations. The term gauge refers to redundant degrees of freedom in the Lagrangian. The transformations between possible gauges, called gauge transformations, form a Lie group—referred to as the symmetry group or the gauge group of the theory. Associated with any Lie group is the Lie algebra of group generators. For each group generator there necessarily arises a corresponding field (usually a vector field) called the gauge field. Gauge fields are included in the Lagrangian to ensure its invariance under the local group transformations (called gauge invariance). When such a theory is quantized, the quanta of the gauge fields are called gauge bosons. If the symme
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Gauge theory
In physics, a gauge theory is a type of field theory in which the Lagrangian is invariant under a continuous group of local transformations. The term gauge refers to redundant degrees of freedom in the Lagrangian. The transformations between possible gauges, called gauge transformations, form a Lie group—referred to as the symmetry group or the gauge group of the theory. Associated with any Lie group is the Lie algebra of group generators. For each group generator there necessarily arises a corresponding field (usually a vector field) called the gauge field. Gauge fields are included in the Lagrangian to ensure its invariance under the local group transformations (called gauge invariance). When such a theory is quantized, the quanta of the gauge fields are called gauge bosons. If the symme
has abstract
25بك المحتوى هنا ينقصه الاستشه ...... ثال عنها نذكر نظرية يانغ-ميلز.
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As Teorias de Gauge, também ch ...... colha de um referencial local.
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Cechowanie – koncepcja występu ...... izycznych, dotycząca symetrii.
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En física, una teoría de campo ...... s dotados con carga eléctrica.
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En physique théorique, une thé ...... ien et physicien Hermann Weyl.
@fr
In de natuurkunde is een ijkth ...... beeld de Chern-Simons-theorie.
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In physics, a gauge theory is ...... physics among other subfields.
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Le teorie di gauge (pron. ɡeiʤ ...... o nell'altro, teorie di gauge.
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Unter einer Eichtheorie oder E ...... hinvarianz bzw. Eichsymmetrie.
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Калибро́вочная инвариа́нтность ...... и электрон-позитронного поля).
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title
Gauge transformation
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comment
25بك المحتوى هنا ينقصه الاستشه ...... ل متجه يطلق عليه مجال المقياس.
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As Teorias de Gauge, também ch ...... descrevem uma simetria global.
@pt
Cechowanie – koncepcja występu ...... izycznych, dotycząca symetrii.
@pl
En física, una teoría de campo ...... a propiedad observable física.
@es
En physique théorique, une thé ...... ien et physicien Hermann Weyl.
@fr
In de natuurkunde is een ijkth ...... ijkvelden ijkbosonen genoemd.
@nl
In physics, a gauge theory is ...... led gauge bosons. If the symme
@en
Le teorie di gauge (pron. ɡeiʤ ...... ondo le teorie di Yang-Mills).
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Unter einer Eichtheorie oder E ...... hinvarianz bzw. Eichsymmetrie.
@de
Калибро́вочная инвариа́нтность ...... о заряда в силу теоремы Нётер.
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label
Cechowanie (fizyka)
@pl
Eichtheorie
@de
Gauge theory
@en
IJktheorie
@nl
Teoria de gauge
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Teoria di gauge
@it
Teoría de campo de gauge
@es
Théorie de jauge
@fr
Калибровочная инвариантность
@ru
نظرية المقياس
@ar