Henry Roe Campbell (September 9, 1807 – February 6, 1879) was a prominent American surveyor and civil engineer. Campbell made significant contributions to American railroading and bridge building in the first half of the 19th century being known as the known as "The Bridge builder of New England" as well as the inventor of the 4-4-0 steam locomotive. Campbell patented his 4-4-0 design in February 1836, just a few months before the patent law was changed to require that claims include proof of originality or novelty.The 4-4-0 or American type steam locomotive was the most popular wheel arrangement in 19th century American railroads and was widely copied. White noted that the design was successful because it .."met every requirement of early United States railroads". At the end of Campbell's