Iraqi Jewish Archive is a collection of 2,700 books and tens of thousands of Jewish history documents found by the United States Army in the basement of Saddam Hussein's intelligence headquarters during the invasion of Iraq in 2003. The collection includes a wide variety of books and rare documents, ranging from 500-year-old commentaries on the Talmud to personal letters sent during the 1950s. The Intelligence Agency of the Iraqi regime gathered the books and documents from synagogues and Jewish community institutions after almost all Iraqi Jews made Aliyah to Israel in Operation Ezra and Nehemiah. Upon leaving to Israel, Iraqi Jews were forced by the Iraqi government to leave most of their belongings behind, and thus the archive was created from the books and papers that were left behind.