According to the 2011 Irish Census, 6% of Irish citizens are irreligious. Ireland has been traditionally devoutly Catholic throughout most of its modern history. This number is thought to be higher due to citizens describing themselves as "cultural Catholics". Religion is declining in Ireland. A 2006 Dentsu poll found that 7% of Ireland had no religion. According to Greeley (2003), 5% of those in Ireland do not believe in God, but only 2% accept the self-identification of “atheist.” According to Ingelhart et al. (2004) and Davie (1999), 4% of the Irish do not believe in God.