Eastern Galicia formed the heartland of the medieval Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia and currently exists within the provinces of Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, and Ternopil in modern western Ukraine. Along with Poles and Ukrainians, Jews were one of the three largest ethnic groups in Eastern Galicia with almost 900,000 people by 1910. Indeed, from the late 18th century until the early 20th century eastern Galicia had the largest concentration of Jews of any region in Europe. During the 19th century Galicia and its main city, Lviv (Lemberg in Yiddish), became a center of Yiddish literature. Lviv was the home of the world's first Yiddish-language daily newspaper, the Lemberger Togblat. Jews constituted 1/3 of the population in many cities and dominated parts of the local economy. This article describes