The Kingdom of Pamplona (Basque: Iruñeko Erresuma) was a Basque kingdom or polity that took form across the western Pyrenees and around the city of Pamplona during the first centuries of the Iberian Reconquista. It was thus one of the Christian political entities that arose on northern Iberia following the conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom by the Umayyad Caliphate in the early 8th century. The kingdom has its origins in the County of Pamplona, one of the buffer states established by the Frankish king Charlemagne in order to stop the progress of the Islamic caliphate that controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula. The city of Pamplona (Latin: Pompaelo; Basque: Iruñea), had been the main city of the indigenous Vasconic population and was located amid the Basque region, in a predominantly Bas