A patriarchate is the office or jurisdiction of an ecclesiastical patriarch. A patriarch, as the term is used here, is either, * One of the five leaders of the Pentarchy, the highest-ranking bishops in the Christian Church prior to the Great Schism, who were the bishops of Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem; or * One of the nine leading bishops of the Eastern Orthodox Church in the present day, including the patriarchs of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem mentioned above, and also the five more recently established patriarchs of (in chronological order of establishment) Bulgaria, Georgia, Serbia, Moscow and Romania; or * One of ten high-ranking bishops of the Roman Catholic Church: seven "patriarchs of the east" (six who are heads of Eastern Cath