Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) Syndrome is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of a transurethral resection of the prostate procedure. It occurs as a consequence of the absorption into the prostatic venous sinuses of the fluids used to irrigate the bladder during the operation. Symptoms and signs are varied and unpredictable, and result from fluid overload and disturbed electrolyte balance and hyponatraemia. Treatment is largely supportive and relies on removal of the underlying cause, and organ and physiological support.Pre-operative prevention strategies are extremely important.