The 1942 United States House of Representatives elections was held in the middle of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's third term. Roosevelt's Democratic Party lost 45 seats to the Republican Party, retaining only a slender majority even though they lost the popular vote by over 1 million votes (3.9%). This would not occur again until 1952, when the party who won the popular vote did not also win the House majority. The main factor that led to the Republican gains during this election cycle was concern over World War II and American involvement. As of 2021, this is the last time the House of Representatives was made up of five parties. This was also the smallest House majority that the Democrats had up until the 2020 elections.