The 59th Division (第59師団, Dai-gojūkyū Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Robe Division (衣兵団, Koromo Heidan). It was formed on 2 February 1942 at Jinan as a security (class C) division, simultaneously with 58th and 60th divisions. The nucleus for the formation was the . As a security division, the 59th Division's backbone consisted of independent infantry battalions, and it did not include an artillery regiment. Its men were drafted from Chiba Prefecture, with reinforcements office located in Kashiwa. The division was initially assigned to the 12th Army.