Abraham (Avi) Kupfer, Ph.D., is a professor of cell biology, and the co-director of immunobiology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Abraham discovered the immunological synapse at the National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver. He first presented his findings during one of the in 1995, when he showed three-dimensional images of immune cells interacting with one another. His main focus is on teaching and studying the mechanisms of inter- and intra-cellular communication in the immune system.