Adrienne Lois Kaeppler (born 1935) is an American anthropologist, curator of oceanic ethnology at the National Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC. She served as the President of the International Council on Traditional Music between 2005 and 2013. Her research focuses on the interrelationships between social structure and the arts, including dance, music, and the visual arts, especially in Tonga and Hawaii. She is considered to be an expert on Tongan dance, and the voyages of the 18th-century explorer James Cook.