Ariel Kalil (born July 18, 1969) is a developmental psychologist and professor at the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy and the director of the Center for Human Potential and Public Policy. She studies economic conditions, parenting, and child development. She is an expert in using tools from behavioral economics to influence parenting behavior. Her work has been featured in The New York Times, Slate, and The Washington Post. Along with the Harris School's former dean Susan Mayer, Kalil is the co-director of the Behavioral Insights in Parenting Lab.