August Franz Josef Karl Mayer (2 November 1787 in Schwäbisch Gmünd – 9 November 1865 in Bonn) was a German anatomist and physiologist. He received his education at the University of Tübingen, obtaining his doctorate in 1812. Afterwards, he worked as a prosector at the Academy of Bern, where in 1815 he was named a professor of anatomy and physiology. From 1819 to 1856 he was a professor at the University of Bonn. Among his better known students at Bonn were Johannes Peter Müller and Theodor Ludwig Wilhelm von Bischoff.