Battle of Kabul refers to a series of intermittent battles and sieges over the city of Kabul during the period of 1992–1996. Throughout the Soviet–Afghan War from 1979–1989, and subsequent civil war (1989–1992) the city of Kabul saw little fighting. The collapse of Mohammad Najibullah's regime in April 1992 led to a peace treaty between the Afghan political parties. But soon after, the undisciplined commanders from both former mujahideen and Communist ranks started to vie for power, abetted by foreign powers, namely Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Uzbekistan, who began arming their Afghan proxies to fight for control and influence.