Birkarls
The Birkarls (birkarlar in Swedish, unhistorical pirkkamiehet or pirkkalaiset in Finnish; bircharlaboa, bergcharl etc. in historical sources) were a small, unofficially organized group that controlled taxation and commerce in central Lappmarken in Sweden from the 13th to the 17th century.
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Birkarls
The Birkarls (birkarlar in Swedish, unhistorical pirkkamiehet or pirkkalaiset in Finnish; bircharlaboa, bergcharl etc. in historical sources) were a small, unofficially organized group that controlled taxation and commerce in central Lappmarken in Sweden from the 13th to the 17th century.
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Birkarlar var handelsmän, som ...... ets etymologi är omdiskuterad.
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The Birkarls (birkarlar in Swe ...... the 13th to the 17th century.
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Биркарлы — привилегированная ч ...... ловек на квадратный километр).
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Birkarlar var handelsmän, som ...... ets etymologi är omdiskuterad.
@sv
The Birkarls (birkarlar in Swe ...... the 13th to the 17th century.
@en
Биркарлы — привилегированная ч ...... редоставляло торговцам защиту.
@ru
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Birkarlar
@sv
Birkarls
@en
Биркарлы
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