The Chuvash National Movement (Chuvash: Чӑваш наци юмӑхӗ) was the movement of the Chuvash people for national emancipation and equality. Spontaneous elements of the Chuvash national movement (CNM) were manifested, starting from the 16th century, in various forms of social performances. Evasion of taxes and duties, local armed actions of local importance, submission of petitions to the authorities, withdrawal to regions weakly controlled by the state, participation in large-scale anti-government protests, persistent resistance to mass Christianization (see O. Tomeev, Peasant uprising led By S. T. Razin, Peasant uprising led by E. I. Pugachev, Commission of Lieutenant Colonel A. I. Svechin, Uprising of Chuvash and Mari peasants in 1842) were evidence of the protest potential of the ethnos.