Civil clause
Civil clause (German: Zivilklausel), sometimes civilian clause or civilians' clause is a voluntary commitment by academic institutions to engage exclusively in civil (i.e. non-military) research. The idea originates in Japan: In 1950, the Science Council of Japan established that its members will refuse to participate in military-related research projects.Such a declaration was repeated in 1967, and in 2017. In Germany, Universität Bremen was the first to put a Civil Clause in effect.Its resolution no.5113 from 1986 declared: This declaration has been renewed in 1992 and in 2020
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Civil clause
Civil clause (German: Zivilklausel), sometimes civilian clause or civilians' clause is a voluntary commitment by academic institutions to engage exclusively in civil (i.e. non-military) research. The idea originates in Japan: In 1950, the Science Council of Japan established that its members will refuse to participate in military-related research projects.Such a declaration was repeated in 1967, and in 2017. In Germany, Universität Bremen was the first to put a Civil Clause in effect.Its resolution no.5113 from 1986 declared: This declaration has been renewed in 1992 and in 2020
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Civil clause (German: Zivilkla ...... n's norms on scientific ethos.
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Die Zivilklausel (von zivil = ...... litik der Abrüstung verbunden.
@de
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Civil clause (German: Zivilkla ...... en renewed in 1992 and in 2020
@en
Die Zivilklausel (von zivil = ...... litik der Abrüstung verbunden.
@de
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Civil clause
@en
Zivilklausel
@de