Claude Olievenstein (11 June 1933 - 14 December 2008) was a pioneering French psychiatrist who specialised in the treatment of substance dependence. In 1971 he founded the in Paris as a "centre for care and support for addictive practices". Because of this, and because he published extensively, he became well known, attracting the media soubriquet "le psy des toxicos" (loosely, "shrink to the addicts").