The Diplôme d'Ingénieur (French: [diplom dɛ̃ʒenjœʁ], often abbreviated as Dipl. Ing.) is a postgraduate degree in engineering (see Engineer's Degrees in Europe) usually awarded by the French Grandes Écoles in engineering. It is generally obtained after five to seven years of studies after the French Baccalauréat. Most Grande Ecole give the opportunity to their students to join a double degree with a University (in France or abroad). Furthermore, Diplôme d'ingénieur graduates can pursue a selective PhD after their engineering studies to later join academia or an industrial R&D department.