The term double duty dollar was used in the United States from the early 1900s until the early 1960s to express the notion that dollars spent with businesses that hired African Americans "simultaneously purchased a commodity and advanced the race". Where that concept applied, it was believed that retailers who excluded African Americans as employees should be shunned by the Black community. While African-American initiatives inspired by the concept continue to exist, the strategy has also been applied by others for different, but similar reasons. Among their goals are