E-government began in South Korea in the 1980s when the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs (MOGAHA) began to implement ICT within government, based on the "National Backbone Computer Network" consisting of five national networks. An Information Super-Highway was launched in 1993, followed by the creation of the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC). Public access to government information services began to move online in the late 1990s; and a drive for "Participatory Government" gave further impetus for e-government after 2002, led by the 2003 "E-Government Roadmap" which sets a number of specific targets.