Eleazer Arthur Paine (September 10, 1815 – December 16, 1882) was an American soldier, author, and lawyer from Ohio who provoked controversy as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. While commanding occupation troops in western Kentucky and Middle Tennessee, Paine was charged with brutality toward civilians and violating their civil rights. He was known to have suspected spies summarily executed in the Gallatin, Tennessee town square. He had directed the occupation's protection of railroads and policing of civilians from there. He was replaced in April 1864.