François Joseph Ducoux (11 September 1808 – 23 March 1873) was a French physician, left-wing politician and businessman. He served as a military physician from 1828 to 1838 before settling in Blois and engaging in local politics. He was a representative in the National Assembly during the French Second Republic, and as Prefect of the Paris Police helped restore order after the bloody June Days uprising. He introduced legislation to establish the Bourse du Travail (labour exchange), but this was rejected. He left politics during the Second French Empire, but was again a representative in the National Assembly in the first years of the French Third Republic.