Frank Nelson Doubleday (January 8, 1862 – January 30, 1934), known to friends and family as “Effendi” (spelling out his initials "F.N.D." but also a play on the Ottoman term of respect), founded the Doubleday & McClure Company in 1897, which later operated under other names. Starting work at the age of 14 after his father's business failed, Doubleday began with Charles Scribner's Sons in New York.