Fred Joaillier is a French high jewellery brand named after the founder . Its first store opened in Paris in 1936 and became famous for jewels designed by Jean Cocteau and for its famous client such as Marlène Dietrich or Grace Kelly. During World War II, Fred Samuel fled Paris and became an interpreter for the Allies. The name Fred, after being imposed by German occupiers instead of 'Fred Samuel' because of the Jewish origins of its founder, was adopted by the brand after the war. Fred Paris was the inventor of cable jewellery 'Force 10' (made of stainless steel) in 1966.