Henry Cadwalader Chapman (1845–1909) was an American physician and naturalist. Chapman was born August 17, 1845, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His grandfather was Nathaniel Chapman. Henry was the son of George W. Chapman, lieutenant in the United States Army, and Emily, granddaughter of Abraham Markoe, first captain of the Philadelphia City Troop. Nolan, his biographer, states that Chapman's History of the Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood (1884) is, "from a literary point of view, the author's most satisfactory work.