Henry Wilson Temple (March 31, 1864 – January 11, 1955) was a Progressive and a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Temple was born in Belle Center, Ohio. He graduated from Geneva College in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, in 1883, and from the Reformed Presbyterian Theological Seminary in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, in 1887. Before his ordination to the ministry, he worked at Reformed Presbyterian congregations in and around Mankato, Kansas. After his ordination, he served as the pastor of churches in Jefferson County, Leechburg, and Washington, Pennsylvania. He worked as professor of political science at Washington and Jefferson College in Washington, Pennsylvania, from 1898 to 1913.