The International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) is the oldest conference series in the field of intelligent educational systems. It was established in 1988 by Claude Frasson. The first several events were held every four years and, while engaging a broad international audience, were always located in Montreal, Canada. The growth of the field encouraged the transformation into a biannual internationally-organized event, which was originally held every other year, opposite the . Since 1992, the Proceedings of the conference are being published by Springer in the popular Lecture Notes in Computer Science series.