Januario Antonio de Carvalho (1830–1900) was a prominent member of the Portuguese community in Hong Kong during the late 19th century. He arrived in Hong Kong from Macao in 1842, and later became the Chief Cashier of the Colonial Treasurer of Hong Kong. On October 7, 1878 he was nominated by the Governor General of Hong Kong John Pope Hennessy to be Colonial Treasurer (with a seat in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong). He would have been the first Portuguese member of the Council, but his nomination was met with indignation from the British Home Office, which viewed Carvalho as an "alien" because of his Portuguese descent and thus unsuited for the position. After his rejection, Hennessy appointed Carvalho a Justice of the Peace. Carvalho later petitioned for, and was granted, status as