Khwadāy-Nāmag (Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭥𐭲𐭠𐭩 𐭭𐭠𐭬𐭪; New Persian: خدای‌نامه; "Book of Lords") was a Middle Persian history text from the Sasanian era, now lost, imagined first by Theodor Nöldeke to be the common ancestor of all later Persian-language histories of the Sasanian Empire, a view which has recently been disproven. It was supposed to have been first translated into Arabic by Ibn al-Muqaffa' (d. 757), who had access to Sasanian court documents. According to Nöldeke's theory, the book itself was composed first under the reign of Khosrow I Anushirvan (r. 531-579), and redacted in the reign of the last Sasanian monarch, Yazdegerd III (r. 632–651). Khwaday-Namag was the primary source of Persian epic Shahnameh ("Book of Kings") written by Ferdowsi. Khwaday-Namag was also translated to