United States Army soldier Tracie Joy McBride was kidnapped, raped and murdered on February 18, 1995. Louis Jones Jr., a former soldier, was tried and convicted in the U.S. federal court system of kidnapping resulting in death. Jones, sentenced to death because he had also raped her, argued that he should be spared the death penalty due to the traumatic effects of Gulf War syndrome. His appeals were unsuccessful and he was put to death by lethal injection in 2003. Mark Miller of Newsweek characterized the Jones case as unusual due to the Gulf War syndrome defense strategy.