Nancy Baxter is a Canadian surgeon and researcher. She is the Head of the Melbourne School of Population of Population and Global Health. She continues to maintain her appointment as Professor of Surgery in the Department of Surgery and the Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation at the University of Toronto. She is a scientist with the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and is a Senior Scientist in the Cancer Theme Group with the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES). Baxter has achieved board certifications through the American Board of Surgery (2000) and the American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery (2002). She is a Fellow of both the American College of Surgeons and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.