Neville Henry Peniston Cayley (b. Caley 29 May 1854 - d. 7 May 1903) was an Australian painter who contributed greatly to public awareness of Australian birds through his meticulous and attractive watercolours of iconic species. As a painter he first attracted fairly widespread attention with bird paintings in the second annual exhibition of the Art Society of New South Wales. Cayley was the father of Neville William Cayley, the noted ornithologist and bird artist. He always signed his paintings "Neville Cayley" whereas his son signed as "Neville W Cayley".