Paul R. Mendes-Flohr (born 17 April 1941) is a leading scholar of modern Jewish thought. As an intellectual historian, Mendes-Flohr specializes in 19th and 20th-century Jewish thinkers, including Martin Buber, Franz Rosenzweig, Gershom Scholem and Leo Strauss. He is co-author end co-editor, with Jehuda Reinharz, of a book for modern Jewish history, The Jew in the Modern World: A Documentary History, and with Arthur A. Cohen, of a book on contemporary Jewish religious thought.