Penning ionization
Penning ionization is a form of chemi-ionization, an ionization process involving reactions between neutral atoms or molecules.The Penning effect is put to practical use in applications such as gas-discharge neon lamps and fluorescent lamps, where the lamp is filled with a Penning mixture to improve the electrical characteristics of the lamps.
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Penning ionization
Penning ionization is a form of chemi-ionization, an ionization process involving reactions between neutral atoms or molecules.The Penning effect is put to practical use in applications such as gas-discharge neon lamps and fluorescent lamps, where the lamp is filled with a Penning mixture to improve the electrical characteristics of the lamps.
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Die Penning-Ionisation (auch P ...... er ihn im Jahr 1927 beschrieb.
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L'ionisation de Penning est un ...... ausent le régime filamentaire.
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La ionizzazione di Penning è u ...... descrisse per primo nel 1927.
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Penning ionization is a form o ...... characteristics of the lamps.
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ペニングイオン化（英語: Penning ionizatio ...... ニングガスを充填するネオン管や蛍光灯などで実用化されている。
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Die Penning-Ionisation (auch P ...... er ihn im Jahr 1927 beschrieb.
@de
L'ionisation de Penning est un ...... ausent le régime filamentaire.
@fr
La ionizzazione di Penning è u ...... descrisse per primo nel 1927.
@it
Penning ionization is a form o ...... characteristics of the lamps.
@en
ペニングイオン化（英語: Penning ionizatio ...... ニングガスを充填するネオン管や蛍光灯などで実用化されている。
@ja
label
Ionisation de Penning
@fr
Ionizzazione di Penning
@it
Penning ionization
@en
Penning-Ionisation
@de
ペニングイオン化
@ja