Peter Middleton (1603–1661) was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1659 and 1660. Middleton was the son of Robert Middleton, merchant of London and his wife Margaret Mounsel, daughter of John Mounsel, merchant of Weymouth. In 1627 he became a Turkey merchant and joined the Levant and East India Companies. He was later living in Russia, where he was probably a buyer of furs. He held £1,000 stock in the East India Company, and was a member of the committee of the company from 1659 until his death.