Syunik (Armenian: Սիւնիք, romanized: Siwnik') was the ninth province (nahang) of the Kingdom of Armenia from 189 BC until 428 AD. The region of Syunik Province geographically was called Siounia Caucasiana in the V-VIth century “Ravenna Cosmography”. From the 7th to 9th centuries, it fell under Arab control. In 821, it formed two Armenian kingdoms: Kingdom of Syunik and principality of Khachen, which around the year 1000 was proclaimed the Kingdom of Artsakh, becoming one of the last medieval eastern Armenian kingdoms and principalities to maintain its autonomy following the Turkic invasions of the 11th to 14th centuries.