TOPS
Total Operations Processing System (TOPS) is a computer system for managing the locomotives and rolling stock owned by or operated on a rail system. TOPS was originally developed between the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP), the Stanford University and IBM as a replacement for paper-base systems for managing rail logistics. A jointly-owned consultancy company, TOPS On-Line Inc., was established in 1960 with the goal of implementing TOPS, as well as selling it to third parties. Development was protracted, requiring around 660 man-years of effort to produce a releasable build. During mid-1968, the first phase of the system was introduced on the SP, and quickly proved its advantages over the traditional methods practiced prior to its availability.
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TOPS
Total Operations Processing System (TOPS) is a computer system for managing the locomotives and rolling stock owned by or operated on a rail system. TOPS was originally developed between the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP), the Stanford University and IBM as a replacement for paper-base systems for managing rail logistics. A jointly-owned consultancy company, TOPS On-Line Inc., was established in 1960 with the goal of implementing TOPS, as well as selling it to third parties. Development was protracted, requiring around 660 man-years of effort to produce a releasable build. During mid-1968, the first phase of the system was introduced on the SP, and quickly proved its advantages over the traditional methods practiced prior to its availability.
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TOPS（Total Operations Processi ...... 広く販売され、イギリス国鉄が採用したことで広く知られている。
@ja
Total Operations Processing Sy ...... ced TOPS entirely during 1980.
@en
Total Operations Processing Sy ...... in Großbritannien im Einsatz.
@de
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TOPS（Total Operations Processi ...... 広く販売され、イギリス国鉄が採用したことで広く知られている。
@ja
Total Operations Processing Sy ...... ced prior to its availability.
@en
Total Operations Processing Sy ...... in Großbritannien im Einsatz.
@de
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TOPS
@en
TOPS
@ja
Total Operations Processing System
@de