TORU (rus. Телеоператорный Режим Управления - Teleoperated Mode of (spacecraft) Control ) system is a manual docking system of Russian Soyuz and Progress spacecraft that serves as a backup to the automatic Kurs system. It was used on the former Mir space station and is currently in use on the International Space Station. The TORU system became known to the public in 1997 when it was used during the manual approach of Progress M-34 to Mir that ended up with a dangerous collision. It was an approach of a previously used Progress spacecraft with the purpose of research work on further improvement of TORU.