Umaru bin Ali (c.1824–1891) was Sultan of Sokoto from 3 October 1881 to 25 March 1891. He succeeded Sultan Mu'azu after the latter's death in September 1881. Ali was a great grandson of Uthman dan Fodio, grandson of Muhammed Bello and son of Aliyu Babba. In 1885, Umaru signed an important treaty with the Royal Niger Company. According to Goldie, Sokoto agreed to give the Royal Niger Company exclusive trade privileges within its domain and entire rights to the country on both sides of the River Benue in return for a yearly subsidy of three thousand bags of cowrie shells.