Video game piracy is the unauthorized copying and distributing of video game software, and is a form of copyright infringement. It is often cited as a major problem that video game publishers face when distributing their products, due to the ease of being able to distribute games for free, via torrenting or websites offering direct download links. Right holders generally attempt to counter piracy of their products by enforcing the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, though this has never been totally successful. Piracy directly compromises revenue, as evidenced by a 2011 UKIE report, detailing how video game piracy using modified consoles cost publishers at least £1.45 billion (approximately $2.3 billion) the previous year. UKIE also estimated that there was a 4:1 ratio of pirated copies to