William Sproston Caine (26 March 1842 – 17 March 1903) was a British politician and Temperance advocate. Caine was born at Seacombe, Cheshire, and was the eldest surviving son of Nathaniel Caine, a metal merchant from Cheshire, and was educated at private schools in Egremont, Merseyside and Birkenhead before entering his father's business in 1861. In 1864 he was made a partner, before moving to Liverpool in 1871. In 1873 he was recorded at 16 Alexandra Drive, Liverpool. Public Affairs soon began to occupy large amounts of his attention, and he left the firm in 1878.