Za'im system
The Za'im system, also known as zuama clientelism, is a corrupt patronage system in Lebanon. A political boss, known as a Za'im (plural Zuama), is from a leading family in the country's electoral districts. They manipulate elections and distribute political favours and financial rewards to the highest bidder. A za'im can run for office or encourage votes for another to have another in his debt. Votes are often obtained through bribery or force. Individuals elected to parliament view their primary goal to serve the needs of their local clients, neglect any national issues and use parliament to further their regional-sectarian interests. The Za'im dressed in tailored European suits, which misled many visitors at the time. According to As'ad AbuKhalil, many Zuama became warlords during the Le
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Ahmed Abdel Latif AsaadAnwar al-Khatib (Lebanon)El Assaad FamilyKataeb Regulatory ForcesLebanese Movement in Support of FatahPeople's Liberation Army (Lebanon)Political bossTigers MilitiaTyre,_LebanonVanguard of the Maani Army (Movement of the Druze Jihad)War of BrothersZahliote GroupZgharta Liberation ArmyZuama Clientelism
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Za'im system
The Za'im system, also known as zuama clientelism, is a corrupt patronage system in Lebanon. A political boss, known as a Za'im (plural Zuama), is from a leading family in the country's electoral districts. They manipulate elections and distribute political favours and financial rewards to the highest bidder. A za'im can run for office or encourage votes for another to have another in his debt. Votes are often obtained through bribery or force. Individuals elected to parliament view their primary goal to serve the needs of their local clients, neglect any national issues and use parliament to further their regional-sectarian interests. The Za'im dressed in tailored European suits, which misled many visitors at the time. According to As'ad AbuKhalil, many Zuama became warlords during the Le
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The Za'im system, also known a ...... olitical decisions in Lebanon.
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The Za'im system, also known a ...... became warlords during the Le
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Za'im system
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